Chapter 13 — Peal Perfect Parsing Drill

Basics of Biblical Aramaic, Van Pelt — Ch13: Peal Perfect

Instructions

For each numbered verb form, enter the Root (3 consonants), PGN (person / gender / number), and Translation in the input fields. Click ▶ Answer to reveal the answer key row. All forms are Peal perfect.

# Form Root PGN Translation
1
אֲמַר
Root: אמר  |  PGN: 3ms  |  Translation: he said
2
כְּתַבוּ
Root: כתב  |  PGN: 3mp  |  Translation: they (m) wrote
3
שְׁלַחְתְּ
Root: שׁלח  |  PGN: 2ms  |  Translation: you (ms) sent
4
יְהַבְנָא
Root: יהב  |  PGN: 1cp  |  Translation: we gave
5
עֲבַד
Root: עבד  |  PGN: 3ms  |  Translation: he did / made
6
שְׁמַעְתִּי
Root: שׁמע  |  PGN: 2fs  |  Translation: you (fs) heard
7
נְפַלַת
Root: נפל  |  PGN: 3fs  |  Translation: she/it fell
8
קָם
Root: קום  |  PGN: 3ms  |  Translation: he arose / stood up
9
הֲוָת
Root: הוה  |  PGN: 3fs  |  Translation: she/it was
10
זְכַרְתְּ
Root: זכר  |  PGN: 2ms  |  Translation: you (ms) remembered
11
שְׁנֵא
Root: שׁנא  |  PGN: 3ms  |  Translation: it changed / was different
12
סְגִדוּ
Root: סגד  |  PGN: 3mp  |  Translation: they (m) bowed down
13
בְּנָה
Root: בנה  |  PGN: 3ms  |  Translation: he built
14
אֲמַרוּ
Root: אמר  |  PGN: 3mp  |  Translation: they (m) said
15
כְּתָבֵת
Root: כתב  |  PGN: 1cs  |  Translation: I wrote
16
יְהַבְתְּ
Root: יהב  |  PGN: 2ms  |  Translation: you (ms) gave
17
הֲוֵינָא
Root: הוה  |  PGN: 1cp  |  Translation: we were
18
עֲבַדְתּוּן
Root: עבד  |  PGN: 2mp  |  Translation: you (mp) did / made
19
קָמַת
Root: קום  |  PGN: 3fs  |  Translation: she/it arose / the kingdom returned
20
בְּנַיְנָא
Root: בנה  |  PGN: 1cp  |  Translation: we built

Reflection Questions

  1. Three Aramaic perfect endings are most easily confused with Hebrew: the 1cs, the 1cp, and the 2mp. State each Aramaic ending and its Hebrew counterpart. Which item above tests each one?
  2. Items 8 and 19 are both from the root קום. What is the formal difference between them, and what grammatical feature changed?
  3. Item 9 (הֲוָת) and item 13 (בְּנָה) are both III-he roots. Why does one end in tav while the other ends in he-mater?
  4. The I-aleph roots in items 1 and 14 look very similar. What is the formal difference, and what does it tell you about PGN?